In Dead Water

CONTENTS

5 7

PREFACE SUMMARY

14 16

WHY OCEANS MATTER THE SEA – ONE OF THE LARGEST FOOD FACTORIES ON THE PLANET

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SEAMOUNTS AND CONTINENTAL SHELVES – THE OCEAN’S UNPROTECTED TREASURE VAULTS CORAL REEFS THREATS TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT

22 26

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CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SEA

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CORAL BLEACHING

EXTREME WEATHER AND HURRICANES IMPACT COASTS

30

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SEA LEVEL RISE

35

OCEAN ACIDIFICATION

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INCREASING SEA TEMPERATURES ALREADY CAUSE CHANGES IN DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE LIFE SLOWING DOWN OF THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION AND CONTINENTAL MARGIN DENSE-WATER EXCHANGE MECHANISMS

39

42

MARINE POLLUTION AND COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

46

IMPACT OF UNSUSTAINABLE FISHING PRACTICES ON SEA BED AND OCEAN PRODUCTIVITY EXOTIC AND INVASIVE SPECIES INFESTATIONS – THE NEW PIRATES OF THE WORLD’S OCEANS THE PRESSURES AND FATE OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELVES IS BOTH A NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSIBILITY THE CUMULATIVE IMPACTS

52

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59 60

CONTRIBUTORS REFERENCES

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