Global Linkages

Climate change

Ocean acidification

PACIFIC OCEAN

BERING SEA

OKHOTSK SEA

YUKON (206 km 3 )

Alaska (USA)

KOLYMA (71 km 3 )

MACKENZIE (286 km 3 )

BEAUFORT SEA

LENA (539 km 3 )

Sea-ice meltwater

CANADA

RUSSIA

ARCTIC OCEAN

BEAUFORT GYRE

NELSON RIVER (50 km 3 )

North Pole

YENISSEI (588 km 3 )

HUDSON BAY

OB (400 km 3 )

BAFFIN BAY

Svalbard (Norway)

Novaya Zemlya (Russia) BARENTS SEA

PECHORA (110 km 3 )

Greenland (Denmark)

SEVERNAYA DVINA (100 km 3 )

NORWEGIAN SEA

ICELAND

FINLAND

SWEDEN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Faroe Islands (Denmark)

NORWAY

2300 km 3 per year

2200

2100

2000

Aragonite undersaturated sea area (CaCO 3 ) according to the RCP8.5 scenario (MPI ‐ ESM ‐ LR) of the IPCC

Eurasian river discharge

Main deep seawater currents

1800 1900

Warm Cold

Estimate for the period 1986-2005 Projection for the period 2066-2085

1700

River discharge

1600

One rectangle represents 100 km 3 /y

Sea water acidity estimate (pH)

600

Glaciers and Greenland ice sheet

North American river discharge

Area where the pH is expected to significantly decrease between the period 1986-2005 and 2066-2085

500

400

1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

Despite a growing sense of urgency and increasing scientific interest, public awareness of ocean acidification is generally low (Mossler et al., 2017). The risk that ocean acidification will affect

marine ecosystems is ranked with high confidence in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2014). However, it is not recognized by the Paris Agreement on climate change (United Nations, 2015a).

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Global Linkages