Global Environment Outlook 3 (GEO 3)

Contents

Foreword

xiv xvi

Preface

The GEO Project

xviii

Synthesis

xx

The GEO-3 Regions

xxx

1 Integrating Environment and Development: 1972–2002

1

2 State of the Environment and Policy Retrospective: 1972–2002

29

Socio-economic background

32 62 90

Land

Forests

Biodiversity Freshwater

120 150 180 210 240 270 297

Coastal and marine areas

Atmosphere Urban areas

Disasters

Conclusions

3 Human Vulnerability to Environmental Change

301

4 Outlook: 2002–32

319

Driving forces

322 328 350 394 398

A tale of four futures

Environmental implications Lessons from the future

Technical annex

5 Options for Action

401

Acronyms and Abbreviations

411 414 416 425

Collaborating Centres

Contributors

Index