Global Environment Outlook 3 (GEO 3)

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CONTENTS

Freshwater Major stocks of water

List of tables

151 154 173 174

Groundwater quality problems Water stress index: West Asia

CHAPTER 2 Key environmental issues by GEO region

31

Available water resources in West Asia (million m 3 /year)

Socio-economic background The spread of communications 1980–98 (numbers/1 000 people)

Coastal and marine areas Disease burden of selected common and marine-related diseases 181 Economic losses from red tides in fisheries and aquaculture 182 Management status of principal coastal and marine areas 197

51

Land Extent and causes of land degradation

64 66

Climate change impacts on land and biodiversity by region

Urban areas Distribution of global population (%) by size of settlement,

241

Forests Change in forested land 1990–2000 by region

1975 and 2000

91 98

Change in forested land 1990–2000 by sub-region: Africa Change in forested land 1990–2000 by sub-region: Asia and the Pacific Change in forested land 1990–2000 by sub-region : Europe Managing the world’s most extensive forests: forest estate in the Russian Federation Change in forested land 1990–2000 by sub-region: Latin America and the Caribbean Change in forested land 1990–2000 by sub-region: West Asia

Disasters Recent disasters caused by extreme natural events Some of the worst disasters in Africa, 1972–2000 Impact of natural disasters in Asia and the Pacific, 1972–2000 Vulnerability to natural hazards of Caribbean countries

101

271 276 279 286

104 105

107

CHAPTER 4 Potential increase in nitrogen loading on coastal ecosystems

355

113

Biodiversity Estimated number of described species

120 121 146 147

Globally threatened vertebrate species by region

Biological diversity in the Arctic: number of known species

Protected areas in the Arctic