Gender and Waste Nexus: Experiences from Bhutan, Mongolia and Nepal

Gender context

passed the Law to Combat Domestic Violence, initially approved in 2004. These national instruments prohibit discrimination in political, economic, social and family spheres. At present, there are no gender laws specific to the waste sector and the 2017 waste law does not include a gender component.

Mongolia

The Mongolian Government inscribes gender equality in its Constitution as well as in national law, specifically the 2011 Law of Mongolia on Promotion of Gender Equality. In 2016, the Government amended and

GENDER GAP – MONGOLIA

FEMALE MALE

POPULATION WITH AT LEAST SOME SECONDARY EDUCATION - age 25 and above, 2008 - EDUCATION

AVERAGE MONTHLY WAGE - 2017 -

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY OCCUPATION - 2017 -

12.2% LOW SKILL JOBS 13.7%

US$ 392

US$ 328

%

%

36.4% MEDIUM SKILL JOBS 52.5%

91.2 %

51.4% HIGH SKILL JOBS 33.8%

US$ 10

LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION - 2017 -

PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT - 2017 -

UNEMPLOYMENT - 2017 -

86.3 %

54%

65.6%

14.3% 11.9%

5.7% 7%

LITERACY RATE - age 15 and above, 2010 -

EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION BY STATUS IN EMPLOYMENT - 2017 -

98.3 %

0.7% EMPLOYERS 1.3%

ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION

53.4% EMPLOYEES 46.6%

98.2 %

41% OWN-ACCOUNT WORKERS 50.6%

4.9% OTHERS 1.5%

MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT - 2018 -

CABINET MINISTERS - 2018 -

PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIA

CHAIRMAN OF THE STATE GREAT KHURAL

2 / 15 POLITICAL

13 / 76

PRIME MINISTER OF MONGOLIA

STATE GREAT KHURAL

Sources: Sources: Inter-Parliamentary Union,https://www.ipu.org/; International Labour Organization (ILO), ILOSTAT database,https://www.ilo.org/ilostat/; Mongolian Statistical Information Service, http://www.1212.mn; UNESCO Institute for Statistics, http://data.uis.unesco.org/; United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2018), Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update.

REPRESENTATION

Figure 6

28 Gender and waste nexus