Gender and Waste Nexus: Experiences from Bhutan, Mongolia and Nepal

Mongolia

HOUSEHOLDWASTE COMPOSITION INAPARTMENTS, ULAANBAATAR 2018

INWINTER IN SUMMER

FOOD WASTE

40.97%

36.18%

BATTERIES

0.03%

0.03%

FABRIC AND WOVEN PRODUCTS

1.20%

1.09%

R

E

M

M

E-WASTE

0.41%

0.12%

U

S

N

I

CARTONS / TETRAPAK

1.42%

2.15%

R

E

METAL

1.87%

1.70%

T

N

W I

OTHER

3.42%

2.32%

I N

HARD PLASTIC

4.16%

3.53%

PLASTIC BAGS AND SOFT PLASTIC

4.41%

6.15%

PET BOTTLES

5.28%

5.48%

BATHROOM WASTE

9.61%

8.48%

PAPER

13.91%

14.42%

GLASS

13.30%

18.34%

Source: Survey on waste composition, conducted within the framework of the Waste and Climate Change project, 2018.

Figure 4

HOUSEHOLDWASTE COMPOSITION INGERDISTRICTS, ULAANBAATAR 2018

INWINTER IN SUMMER

GLASS

15.78%

4.69%

BATHROOM WASTE

10.17%

2.51%

R

E

PAPER

5.33%

1.83%

M

M

U

S

PLASTIC BAGS AND SOFT PLASTIC

4.42%

1.46%

N

I

CARTONS / TETRAPAK

0.78%

0.43%

E

METAL

1.28%

0.56%

R

T

N

I N W I

BATTERIES

0.13%

0.01%

HARD PLASTIC

2.54%

0.53%

E-WASTE

0.50%

0.13%

FABRIC AND WOVEN PRODUCTS

2.66%

0.81%

PET BOTTLES

6.70%

1.72%

OTHER

6.88%

3.26%

FOOD WASTE

16.28%

6.86%

ASH

26.55%

75.20%

Source: Survey on waste composition, conducted within the framework of the Waste and Climate Change project, 2018.

Figure 5

located at the entrance of these newer buildings, though they often overflow, which results in waste being dumped outside. Residents often complain that the waste smells and pickers and dogs have been known to search through it at night. Several reports observe that waste management is a low priority for most real estate developers.

cooking, which produces ash as themain type ofwaste. Ash is a significantwaste issue, as it is heavy, non-recyclable and sometimes still hot when waste collection trucks arrive for collection. Figures 4 and 5 show Ulaanbaatar’s waste distribution from households living in apartments and ger districts in both summer and winter months.

Householdwaste production varies from season to season. In the winter, ger residents depend on coal for heating and

Due to its inhabitants’ high reliance on coal burning, Ulaanbaatar tops global ranks as a city with severe air

Gender and waste nexus

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