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synthetically based ecosystem, Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap., 50(2), 281-300. Vetrov, A.A. and Romankevich, E.A. (2004). Carbon cycle in the Russian Arctic seas. 331 p. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Westbrook, G.K., Thatcher, K.E., Rohling, E.J., Piotrowski, A.M., Pälike, H., Osborne, A.H., Nisbet, E.G., Minshull, T.A., Lanoiselle, M., James, R.H., Hühnerbach, V., Green, D., Fisher, R.E., Crocker, A.J., Chabert, A., Bolton, C., Beszczynaska-Möller, A., Berndt, C. and Aquilina, A. (2009). Escape of methane gas from the seabed along the West Spitsbergen continental margin. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, doi:10.1029/2009GL039191 Xu,W., R. P. Lowell, and E. T. Peltzer (2001), Effect of seafloor temperature and pressure variations on methane flux from a gas hydrate layer: Comparison between current and Late Paleocene climate conditions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106(B11), 26413-26423 Zachos, J.C., Röhl, U., Schellenberg, S.A., Sluijs, A., Hodell, D.A., Kelly, D.C., Thomas, E., Nicolo, M., Raffi, I., Lourens, L.J., McCarren, H. and Kroon, D. (2005). Rapid acifidification of the ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. Science, 308, 1611-1615 Zeebe, R. E., J. C. Zachos, and G. R. Dickens (2009), Carbon dioxide forcing alone insufficient to explain Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum warming, Nature Geoscience, 2(8), 576-580

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