Exploring the Option of a New Global Agreement on Marine Plastic Pollution – A Guide to the Issues

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Abstract	3
List of figures	6
List of abbreviations	7
Foreword	8
Executive summary	10
1. Introduction	12
Objective	13
Structure	13
2. The story so far	16
2.1 The UNEA process	17
2.2 Growing calls for a new global agreement	21
3. What is a global agreement?	24
3.1 Basic terms and clarifications	24
Designations	25
Binding force	25
Purpose, structure, and treaty elements	27
3.2 Typical challenges in designing effective agreements	28
Articulating a convincing rationale for a treaty	28
Identifying the most effective regulatory interventions	29
Incentivizing participation and compliance	30
4. A new global agreement on marine plastic pollution?	32
4.1 Formulating a shared understanding of the issue	33
Identifying the transboundary properties	33
4.2 Articulating obligations, commitments, and authorizations	34
Disaggregating the problem and identifying priority categories	36
Regulating outcomes instead of acts	36
Dealing with uncertainty	37
4.3 Establishing institutional structures and other collective arrangements	39
Generating confidence in compliance	41
Managing asymmetries and capacity restraints	41
Securing a critical mass of support	42
4.4 Key considerations for policymakers	43
5. Conclusion	44

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