Environment in Focus Vol 1.

Table 5: Grading statements for pests, introduced species, diseases and algal blooms, based on Ward (2011). Experts must consider the cumulative impacts of all pressures that may have impacted upon the condition of pests, introduced species, diseases and algal blooms.

Table 6: Grading statements for the environmental impact of marine- based industries.

Pests, Introduced Species, Diseases and Algal Blooms

The Environmental Impact of Marine- based Industries

Grading statements for pests, introduced species, diseases and algal blooms. The incidence and extent of diseases and algal blooms are at expected natural levels, there are insignificant occurrences or numbers of pests, and the numbers and abundance of introduced species is minimal. Incidences of diseases or algal blooms occur occasionally above expected levels of occurrence or extent, and recovery is prompt, with minimal effect on ecosystem functions. Pests have been found, but there have been limited ecosystem impacts. The occurrence, distribution and abundance of introduced species are limited and have minimal impact on ecosystem functions. Incidences of disease or algal blooms occur regularly in some areas. Occurrences of pests require significant intervention or have significant effects on ecosystem functions. The occurrence, distribution and abundance of introduced species trigger management responses, or have resulted in significant impacts on ecosystem functions. Disease or algal blooms occur regularly across the region. Occurrences of pests or introduced species are uncontrolled in some areas, have displaced indigenous species and are seriously affecting ecosystem functions.

Grading statements for the environmental impact of marine-based industries. This industry has caused no significant changes in the overall environment (condition of habitat, species, ecosystem processes or physical and chemical processes) within its footprint. This industry has caused some significant changes in some components of the overall environment, but not to the extent that they are significantly affecting ecosystem functions. This industry has caused substantial changes in many components of the overall environment, and these are significantly affecting ecosystem functions in some areas of its spatial footprint. This industry has caused substantial changes in many components of the overall environment, and these are seriously affecting ecosystem functions across its spatial footprint.

Very Good (7–8)

Very Good (7–8) Low Pressure

Good (5–6) Moderate Pressure

Good (5–6)

Poor (3–4) Significant Pressure

Poor (3–4)

Very Poor (1–2) High Pressure

Very Poor (1–2)

33 STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE RAET NATIONAL MARINE PARK (SOUTHERN NORWAY)