Environment and Security: Transforming risks into cooperation

Eastern Caspian

Environment and Security

This report was prepared on behalf of the partner organisations of the Environment and Security initiative by:

Luigi De Martino (lead author, University of Geneva); Viktor Novikov (UNEP/GRID-Arendal);

with inputs from:

Serik Akhmetov (Kazakhstan); Timur Berkeliev (Turkmenistan);

and with extended advice and support from:

Alexander Bragin, Iklas Nogaev, Gulzina Konysbaeva, Sapar Bazarbaev, Farida Akiyanova, Dinmuhamed Sunnatov, Misha Karapun (Kazakhstan); Oleg Guchgeldiyev, Viktoria Kim (Turkmenistan); Christophe Bouvier, Frits Schlingemann, Otto Simonett, Nickolai Denisov, Petter Sevaldsen, Emmanuelle Bournay, Elena Kvitsinskaia, Marika Palosaari, Jaco Tavenier (UNEP); Bernard Snoy, Alexey Stukalo, Marc Baltes, Raul Daussa, Saba Nordström, Gaurav Thapan- Raina, Lyale Nazarova, Jan Olsson (OSCE); Ben Slay, Inkar Kadyrzhanova, Saija Vuola, Peter Svedberg, Ajiniyaz Reimov, Rovshen Nur- muhamedov, Natalya Panchenko (UNDP), Bo Libert (UNECE), Hamid Ghaffarzadeh (CEP); Susanne Michaelis, Chris De Wispelaere (NATO), Stephen Stec (REC);

and the participants of ENVSEC consultations and field missions in Aktau and Caspian re- gion (Kazakhstan) and Ashgabat and Caspian region (Turkmenistan) in 2006–2007.

Language editing: Harry Forster (Interrelate, Grenoble). Maps and graphics: Viktor Novikov and Matthias Beilstein (UNEP/GRID-Arendal). Design and layout: UNEP/GRID-Arendal.

The governments of Canada, Sweden and Norway have provided financial support for the assessment and for the preparation and publication of this report.

Environment and Security Transforming risks into cooperation SWEDISHENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY

Canadian International Development Agency

NORWEGIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS

SWEDISHENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONAGENCY

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report is printed on 100% recycled paper, using vegetable-based inks and other eco- friendly practices. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint.

Printed on 100% recycled paper at Imprimerie Nouvelle Gonnet, F-01303 Belley, France.

The case of the Eastern Caspian Region