Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management: A Framework for Sustainable Ocean Economy Development

Foreword by WWF-Norway.......................................................................................................................................iii Foreword by GRID-Arendal.......................................................................................................................................iv Table of contents. ........................................................................................................................................................v List of acronyms.........................................................................................................................................................vii Executive summary......................................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.1. About this report............................................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2. Why is a better approach to ocean management needed?............................................................................. 2 1.2.1. The state of the global ocean environment..................................................................................................2 1.2.2. Shortcomings in the status quo of ocean management...........................................................................4 2. Where to? A vision for a sustainable ocean economy..................................................................................... 6 2.1. About this section......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2. The ocean economy................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. The Sustainable Development Goals and a sustainable ocean economy.................................................... 6 2.4. From blue growth to the blue doughnut...............................................................................................................8 3. What is Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management?....................................................................... 12 3.1. About this section....................................................................................................................................................... 12 3.2. The ecosystem approach and ecosystem-based management................................................................... 12 3.3. Related ocean management concepts................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.1. Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs).................................................................14 3.3.2. Marine protected area networks....................................................................................................................14 3.3.3. Marine spatial planning.....................................................................................................................................15 3.3.4. Integrated coastal zone management..........................................................................................................16 3.4. A closer look at integration...................................................................................................................................... 16 3.4.1. The five categories of integration in Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management...............16 3.4.2. Governance integration....................................................................................................................................16 3.4.3. Stakeholder integration.....................................................................................................................................18 3.4.4. Knowledge integration......................................................................................................................................21 3.4.5. Transboundary integration.............................................................................................................................. 22 3.4.6. Integration of system dynamics.................................................................................................................... 22 4. How is Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management implemented?............................................... 24 4.1. About this section.......................................................................................................................................................24 4.2. The adaptive management cycle..........................................................................................................................24 4.2.1. Overview.............................................................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.2. Pre-planning and cross-cutting elements.................................................................................................. 24 4.2.3. Assessment of the status quo........................................................................................................................ 26 4.2.4. Management plan development....................................................................................................................27 4.2.5. Implementation and enforcement................................................................................................................27 4.2.6. Monitoring and evaluation...............................................................................................................................27 Table of contents

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