Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management: A Framework for Sustainable Ocean Economy Development

Transboundary Integration

Governance Integration

Transboundary Integration

National Ministries

(across international boundaries)

(across land-sea boundary)

Mineral Resources Transportation

Environment

Fisheries

Energy

etc.

Horizontal Integration

Governing Bodies, Knowledge Providers and Stakeholders in Other Countries

Terrestrial Governance Bodies

Mineral Resources

Transportation

etc.

Fisheries

Environment

Energy

Vertical Integration

Sub-National Governance Bodies

Ecosystem-Based Integrated Ocean Management

Knowledge Providers (academia, expert bodies)

Environmental Sciences

Social Sciences

Geography

Fishermen

Economics

etc.

Anglers

Multidisciplinary Knowledge Integration

Environmental NGOs

Energy developers

y

s

S

t

e

f

m

o

n

D

o

i

y

Build understanding of dynamic socio-ecological system

t

Mining companies

Aquaculture operators

n

a

a

g r

m i c s

I n t e

Tourism operators

Local communities

etc.

Stakeholder participation

Transdisciplinary Knowledge Integration

Stakeholder/Traditional Knowledge

Stakeholder Integration

Knowledge Integration

Figure 5. The five categories of integration in EB-IOM. Governance integration refers to mechanisms of communication, information exchange, coordination or collaboration between public sector organisations that have a remit to plan and manage activities taking place at sea. At the national level, different min- istries often have responsibility for different maritime sectors. Similarly, there are often different sectoral management bodies that operate at a sub-national (e.g. province, state or municipal) level. Integration mechanisms are therefore needed both horizontally (to integrate management across sectors) and vertically (to integrate across scales of governance). Transboundary integration is needed to coordinate governance and information exchange across international boundaries (represented in the top right), and across the land-sea boundary (represented in the top left). Stakeholder integration refers to mechanisms that engage stakeholders in planning, decision-making, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of management measures. Knowledge integration refers to the need to draw knowledge from multiple fields of academic expertise (through multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches) and from stakeholders who often hold valuable local or traditional knowledge of relevance. This means that stakeholder integration and knowledge integration mechanisms may need to be linked. The purpose of knowledge integration is to build a comprehensive understanding of the socio-ecological system of the planning region in question, creating the information base needed to underpin sound management measures. This requires integration of system dynamics to create an information base that reflects the natural dynamics of the systems that are being managed.

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