Ecora: An Integrated Ecosystem Management Approach

ECORA- CAFF Technical Report March 10

9

10

Characteristics

Kolguev Island Model Area

Kolyma River Basin Model Area River basin ecosystem; mountain and lowland tundra interspersed with forested river valleys

Beringovsky District Model Area Coastal ecosystem; tundra shelf and continental slope

Ecosystem features Island ecosystem; lowland tundra

Nature protected areas (ha, %) Major biodiversity values

0

2,961,996 ha (34%)

918,000 ha (24%)

x High diversity of flora, bird, mammal and fish species x Largely undisturbed wilderness x Many rare and Red Book species. x Rookeries and calving areas of marine mammals x Large bird colonies.

Undisturbed wilderness

x

Highest waterfowl density in the Barents region (geese, willow ptarmigan, tundra swan, ducks, divers) Kolguev Island reindeer Marine mammals

x

High diversity of valuable freshwater fish species (mainly whitefish) Habitat and nesting ground of numerous waterfowl, including rare and endangered species Unique relic larch forests

x

x

x

x

x

Population number

450

8,147

2, 872

Population density 0.09 person per km 2

0.09 person per km 2

0.08 person per km 2

Indigenous population

423 (Nenets)

1,166 (Evens, Chukchi, Yukagirs, Evenks)

1,115 (Chukchi, Kereks, Chuvants, Inuit) 54 years for men and 68 for women

Life expectancy

53 years for men and 68 for women

Not available

5

Unemployment rate 25%

3 %

5 %

Basic economic activities

Traditional reindeer breeding Fisheries and marine mammal hunting Subsistence hunting and poaching Potential destruction and pollution of important marine habitats and traditional hunting grounds associated with planned oil development Poaching and egg collecting

x

Traditional reindeer breeding Freshwater fishing Small-scale fish farming Subsistence hunting Small-scale mining Logging of old-growth forests Upstream hydroelectric power development Uncontrolled hunting of wild reindeer Habitat destruction related to mining

x

Traditional reindeer breeding Subsistence hunting of waterfowl and marine mammals and fishing Habitat fragmentation and pollution associated with oil development Demise of unique reindeer (Kolguev Island reindeer) Oil extraction

x

x

x x x x

x

x

x

x

x

Major environmental threats and related risks

x

x

x

x

x

x

5. This is the official figure; it is suggested that it is much higher.

Alexander Kondratyev