DEEP SEA MINERALS - Vol 1 - Sea-Floor Massive Sulphides

Exploration 4.1 Exploration involves the identification, delineation, and evalu- ation of deep sea mineral resources and generally requires so- phisticated, multi-purpose research vessels using advanced technologies, such as deep sea mapping equipment, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), photographic and video systems, and sampling and drilling devices (Figure 13). 4.1.1 Target identification SMS deposits are commonly raised sulphide mounds on the sea- floor, with either fossil or active black smoker chimneys. Targets typically can be identified by sea-floor topography, water-column temperature anomalies, or anomalous redox potential, using re- gional geophysical and geochemical methods. The methods are

(pic of exploration ship)

Photo courtesy of GEOMAR.

GPS

Multi beam eco sounder

ROV (Remotedly operated vehicle)

Free fall grab

Dredge bucket

Finder-installed deep sea camera

Sources: adapted from Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation.

Figure 13. Example of exploration tools.

THE GEOLOGY OF SEA-FLOOR MASSIVE SULPHIDES 45