Caspian Sea: State of the Environment 2019

of which the Republic of Dagestan accounted for 47.6 per cent, Astrakhan Oblast for 44.8 per cent, and the Republic of Kalmykia for 7.6 per cent (Russian Federation, Federal Service for the Oversight of Customer Protection and Welfare 2012–2016). In both the Republic of Dagestan and the Republic of Kalmykia, the main source of emissions is motor transport, which accounts for 94 per cent and 89 per cent of emissions in Dagestan and Kalmykia, respectively. Emissions from stationary sources are the most significant factor in Astrakhan Oblast, contributing 57.4 per cent of emissions. The main source of emissions here is the Astrakhan Gas Processing Plant (Rus- sian Federation, Federal Service for the Oversight of Customer Protection and Welfare 2012–2016). Turkmenistan submitted its third National Re- port in 2015 (Turkmenistan, Ministry of Nature Protection of Turkmenistan 2015). Greenhouse gas emissions have risen sharply in Turkmeni- stan since 1998, primarily due to the rapid de- velopment of industry. As in other littoral states, the majority of greenhouse gas emissions come from the energy sector, followed by agriculture and industry. It should be noted that the growth trend observed since 1994 has been somewhat reduced, and that there has been a fall in emis-

4.5.2. Pollutant emissions

To comply with European Union legislation, Azer- baijan has adopted a number of laws, state pro- grammes and regulatory acts in recent years. As the country’s emissions are closely associated with the energy sector, the priorities are to improve en- ergy efficiency, increase energy savings and make more use of alternative energy sources. The coun- try is looking to alternative energy sources and the development of low-carbon measures in the com- mercial and residential sectors to reduce carbon emissions by 35 per cent by 2030 compared to the base year (1990). The transition from fuel oil to gas in the energy sector is already complete. In 2016, annual emissions by industrial enterpris- es in Atyrau Region totalled 167,100,000 tons, 80– 85 per cent of which were emissions from the oil and gas sector. Gas flaring is the primary source of these emissions. In 2016, 189 million m 3 of as- sociated petroleum gas were flared (Kazakhstan, Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Statistics Committee 2009–2018). During the period 2012–2016, average annual pollutant emissions in the Caspian region of the Russian Federation amounted to 489,000 tons,

53

Made with FlippingBook Ebook Creator