Caspian Sea: State of the Environment 2019

Themain aimof this report is to provide the necessary information on changes and trends in the state of the marine and coastal environment of the Caspian region for the 2012–2016 period, based on regular reporting of the Caspian littoral states and other literature sources. This report presents the current state of the Caspian Sea’s marine environment, taking into account sea level fluctuations and its pollution, including pollution from land-based sources, pursuant to the provisions of the Tehran Convention and its protocols. The report is based on the United Nations Environment Programme DPSIR meth- odology (Driving Forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Reponses), which shows the re- lationship between human activities, the state of and trends in the environment and the well-being of society. Following this methodology, the report provides a brief description of the region’s current socioeconomic situation, including the state of the population. The report reveals that certain industries, specifically mining (in particular the oil and gas sector), fishing, agriculture and tourism industries, are driving forces, in- fluencing the state of the Caspian Sea’s environment. Information on indirect natural driving forces that are affecting the state of the Caspian Sea’s marine and coastal environment, related to climate change and sea level fluctuations, which are characteristic of this closed water body, is of particu- lar importance.

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