ADAPTATION SOLUTIONS BRIEF

WOMEN In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), rural women manage natural resources and deal directly with the impacts and risks associated with climate change. With more men migrating from rural areas, women’s roles as risk and resource managers need to be supported and strengthened. AS RISK & RESOURCE MANAGERS I t i s i l ( ), r r l t r l r s rc s l ir ctl it t i cts ris s ss ci t it cli t c . it r i r ti from rural areas, women’s roles as risk and resource rs t s rt str t . I

Projected increase in average temperature by 2050 r j t i r i r t r t r

TEMPERATURES HAVE INCREASED HAVE INCREASED I I I SIGNIFICANTLY FASTER IN THE HKH THAN THE GLOBAL AVERAGE TER I

1. 1.

1–2°C

1-4°C

l

l

Global

HKH

4. .

I

I

I

MEN ARE MIGRATING IN SEARCH OF EMPLOYMENT, LEAVING WOMEN WITH GREATER RESPONSIBILITIES AND LARGER WORKLOADS 2 , I I I I I I DS 2

$

POSITIVE EFFECTS POSITIVE

Social and financial remittances ci l fi ci l r itt c s

Livelihood diversification i li i rsific ti

of households have at least one member who has migrated for work, of which most are men of househol s t least one member s i r t for work, of which st r 33% 33%

NEGATIVE EFFECTS NEGATIVE EFFECTS

Labour shortages in mountain communities r s rt s i mou t i c iti s

Intensified workloads for women I t sifi r l s f r

5. .

SOCIOECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS LIMIT WOMEN'S ABILITY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE RISKS AND MANAGE RESOURCES I I WOMEN'S ABILITY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE I I I I

Women have limited: li it :

Average adult literacy in India, Nepal, and Pakistan: lt lit i I i , l, i t :

$ $

Income opportunities Income opportunities

76%

54%

Control and ownership of resources  nership of resources tr l

World Bank Data 9 World Bank Data 9

Participation in education and training rtici ti i c ti tr i i

of women have exclusive land ownership of women have exclusive l rs i of households are headed by women s l s r f

11% 8% 0.06 0.06

Decision-making power within the household and community cisi - i r it i t household and community

Despite women's increasing role in management of risks and resources, only: asing role in ma t f i r , l : it ' i

Social mobility because of gendered cultural norms Social mobility because of gendered cult r l r s

hectares is women’s average landholding hectares is ’s r l l i

HICAP PVA data 8 ata 8 I

6

ADAPTATION SOLUTIONS BRIEF No.1